Keywords
antiphospholipid antibodies
classification of antiphospholipid syndrome
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, whose clinical expression is characterized by two main domains, thrombotic events, with venous and/or arterial thrombosis, and obstetric morbidity, whose main clinical manifestations are recurrent loss in the first trimester of pregnancy, fetal death, pre-eclampsia, premature birth and fetal growth restriction, associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin IgG/IgM antibodies, and/or anti-β 2-glycoprotein I IgG/ IgM antibodies).
Objective: To determine the frequency of APS and its classification according to the new ACR/EULAR 2023 criteria, in patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Materials and Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of adult patients with SLE, who attended the National Hospital, in the period between January 2020 and August 2024. The sampling was non-probabilistic, for convenience. Patients with incomplete records were excluded. The variables analyzed were sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory.
Results: 70 patients diagnosed with SLE were studied, between 17 and 72 years of age (mean: 33.1 ± 12.3), 58 (82.80%) were women, 44 (62.8%) from the Central Department, 36 (59%) with secondary studies, 15 patients (26.3%) had nephritis. Of these, 13 patients (18.5%) presented antiphospholipid antibodies. According to the new criteria in the validation cohort, 5 patients (7.1%) were classified as APS. The clinical manifestations presented by the 5 patients with APS were deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs 3/5 (60%), ischemic stroke 1/5 (20%), and Libman-Sacks endocarditis 1/5 (20%).
Conclusion: The frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies was 18.5% in patients with SLE. Of these, 5 patients were classified with APS. The clinical manifestations were deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs, ischemic stroke, and Libman-Sacks endocarditis.
References
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