Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico: generalidades sobre su fisiopatología, clínica, abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico:

Juan Pablo Sánchez Garcés; Maria Clara Ospino Guerra; José Ángel Salas Siado; Jarny José  Morales Marenco

doi:10.18004/rpr/2023.09.01.25

Juan Pablo Sánchez Garcés Universidad Libre, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación CIFACS, Barranquilla, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7296-8449
Maria Clara Ospino Guerra Universidad Libre, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación CIFACS, Barranquilla, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1457-6038
José Ángel Salas Siado Universidad Libre, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación CIFACS, Barranquilla, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-1259
Jarny José Morales Marenco Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7062-2652

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18004/rpr/2023.09.01.25

Palabras clave: Lupus eritematoso sistémico, Autoinmunidad, Anticuerpos, Reumatología, Hidroxicloroquina, Glucocorticoides

Resumen

El Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) es uno de los prototipos de las enfermedades autoinmunes, compromete principalmente al sexo femenino, con una proporción 9:1 mujer-hombre. Se caracteriza por la formación de autoanticuerpos con la participación de la inmunidad adaptativa e innata, en interacción con los factores genéticos y medioambientales. Estos autoanticuerpos son parte central de la fisiopatología de la enfermedad, causando desde compromiso orgánico leve hasta compromiso multisistémico grave. El diagnóstico es clínico, orientado por una anamnesis detallada, un examen físico exhaustivo y los marcadores de autoinmunidad; eventualmente podría apoyarse en criterios clasificatorios de algunas sociedades científicas. La actual revisión pretende destacar las generalidades sobre la enfermedad, haciendo énfasis en su fisiopatología, presentación clínica, y su abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico, sirviendo de apoyo para la formación médica integral en beneficio de los pacientes.

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